Freeform Radio

Free-form, or free-form radio, is a radio station programming format in which the disc jockey is given total control over what music to play, regardless of music genre or commercial interests. Freeform radio stands in contrast to most commercial radio stations, in which DJs have little or no influence over programming structure or playlists. In the United States, freeform DJs are still bound by Federal Communications Commission regulations.

History in the United States

Many shows claim to be the first free-form radio program, but the earliest on record is "Nightsounds" on KPFA-FM in Berkeley, California, D.J.'d by John Leonard. Probably the best-remembered in the Midwest is Beaker Street, which ran for almost 10 years on KAAY "The Mighty 1090" in Little Rock, Arkansas, beginning in 1966, making it also probably the best-known such show on an AM station; its signal reached from Canada to Mexico and Cuba, blanketing the Midwest and Midsouth of the U.S. WFMU is currently the longest-running freeform radio station in the United States. WNEW-FM 102.7 in NYC was the first commercial station in the US to introduce a free-form format. It stayed that way under the ownership of Metromedia Broadcasting until it was sold and the new owners were not interested. WNEW-FM was a leader in introducing new music and making household names of a good deal of the bands we know from the 1960s and '70s. Jim Ladd of KLOS in Los Angeles, California was one of the most notable freeform DJs. Tom Petty wrote a song about Jim Ladd called " The Last DJ". The only time Jim Ladd didn't have complete control over what music is being played is when he turned control over to his faithful listeners commonly referred to as "The Tribe"."A Brief History of Freeform Radio"
Lowest Common Denominator, Issue #21 (c. 1998)
On October 26, 2011, Ladd was among various staffers let go from KLOS following the acquisition of station owner Citadel Broadcasting by Cumulus Media. As of 2012 Ladd is hosting a daily freeform show on Sirius XM's Deep Tracks.

The free-form ethos tends to disdain playlists confined to a single music genre. However, DJs may opt to play selections according to an arbitrary theme (e.g., Bob Dylan's " Subterranean Homesick Blues" followed by Radiohead's "Subterranean Homesick Alien"). Freeform-ish stations that played only or almost only rock music were known as progressive rock stations, while those that play mostly folk and/or country-leaning cuts are known as Americana stations.

Commercial free-form radio stations were common in the late 1960s and early '70s, particularly on the FM band, but are rare today. An exceptional case was Indie 103.1 FM of Santa Monica and Newport Beach, California. Indie 103.1 broadcast radio programs in which famous musicians from the world of popular music host radio programs and choose the playlist. Indie 103.1 recently left the FM airwaves, but currently continues on the internet.

Another commercial free-form radio station is KHUM, "radio without the rules", at 104.3 and 104.7 FM in Ferndale, California. KHUM has transmitted since 1996 and is the most popular station in Humboldt County, California.

Internet radio and, to a lesser extent, college radio are sanctuaries of the free-form format (although even the latter has lost much of its independence as stations begin modeling corporate stations in their presentation). On Sirius XM satellite radio, the weekly Bob Dylan-hosted '' Theme Time Radio Hour'' featured a freeform format, as do several specialty programs on The Loft. The nationally syndicated ''Undercurrents'', distributed by Native Voice One, follows a freeform format. Many terrestrial freeform stations are small and lack corporate backing, and therefore have relatively weak radio transmitters (especially around metropolitan areas where corporate radio signals dominate, but at the same time have enough of a population density to cover enough people to support such a station), a problem that has caused numerous broadcasters to transition to Internet radio, pirate radio or both.

The full service format can be seen as a variant of the free-form format, though since most full-service stations are located in rural areas, country music, adult standards, classic hits ( oldies or classic rock), and occasionally adult contemporary music tend to form the bulk of the music on a full-service station, and the vast majority of full-service stations focus primarily on mainstream, popular music (whereas freeform stations often put the emphasis on less widely known or more exotic selections).

Adult hits/Jack FM

The adult hits brand can be considered a "sequel" of sorts to the freeform format. Many of these stations play a wide variety of music ranging from many formats that includes, but is not limited to: Oldies/ classic hits, classic rock, adult contemporary, Mainstream Top 40/ Adult Top 40, etc. Most of the music played on these stations are from the years 1970–2020, although a few 1960s tracks may be sprinkled in. Unlike true freeform radio, there are no disc jockeys.

The most notable adult hits station brand is Jack FM, which has many affiliates across the world. Several imitators of the Jack brand and its associated slogan "Playing What We Want" have also emerged. These imitators often use the name of a person, place or a historical site and can include: Mac (E.G. Mac 94.7 Clinton, Iowa) historical figures (E.G. The Chief 92.5 Champaign, Illinois), etc.

Freeform stations

United States

* KALX ( Berkeley, California)
* KAOS ( Olympia, Washington)
* KBGA ( Missoula, Montana)
* KBOO ( Portland, Oregon)
* KBUT (Crested Butte, Colorado)
*KBVR ( Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon)
* KCOU ( University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri)
* KCR ( San Diego State University, San Diego, California)
* KCRW ( Santa Monica College, Santa Monica, California)
* KCSB-FM ( University of California, Santa Barbara, Goleta, California)
*KDHX ( St. Louis, Missouri)
* KDVS ( University of California, Davis, Davis, California)
* KDEO (Radio Free Hawaii, Waipahu, Oahu, Hawaii)
* KFAT (defunct), ( Gilroy, California)
*KFFP-LP ( Portland, Oregon Freeform Portland)
* KFJC ( Foothill College, Los Altos Hills, California)
* KHUM ( Ferndale, California)
*KJHK ( University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas)
*KKCR ( Hanalei, Hawaii)
*KMMT ( Mammoth Lakes, California)
*KMNO ( Wailuku, Hawaii)
*KMNR ( Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri)
*KMRD ( Madrid, New Mexico)
* KMUD ( Garberville, California)
* KNON ( Dallas, Texas)
*KOPN (Columbia, Missouri)
*KPSU ( Portland State University, Portland, Oregon)
*KRBX ( Boise, Idaho)
*KRHV ( Big Pine, California)
*KRLX (Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota)
* KRUI ( University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa)
* KSPC ( Pomona College, Claremont, California)
*KTEC ( Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon)
* KTEQ-FM ( South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota)
*KTRM ( Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri)
*K-UTE ( University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah)
* KUCI ( University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California)
*KUOI ( University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho)
* KURE ( Iowa State University. Ames, Iowa)
* KVRX ( University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas)
* KVSC (St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota)
*KWCW-FM ( Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA)
* KWUR ( Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri)
* KWVA ( University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon)
* KXLU ( Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California)
* KXRY ( Portland, Oregon)
*KZSU (Stanford University, Stanford, California)
* Radio Free Brooklyn ( Brooklyn, New York)
* Radio Paradise ( Paradise, California)
* WARC ( Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania)
* WBAR ( Barnard College, New York, New York)
* WBGU ( Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio)
* WCAL (California University of Pennsylvania, California, Pennsylvania)
*WCBN-FM ( University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan)
* WCNI ( Connecticut College, New London, Connecticut)
* WCKS (Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan)
* WESS (East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania)
*WESU ( Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut)
*WETX-LP ( Tri-Cities, Tennessee)
* WEVL ( Memphis, Tennessee)
*WERA-LP ( Arlington, Virginia)
* WEXP ( Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
* WFCF (St Augustine, Florida) (Flagler College Radio)
* WFMU (Jersey City, New Jersey

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